Dyadobacter diqingensis sp. nov., isolated from Baima snow mountain of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province, south-west China.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, rod-shaped and yellow-pigment-producing bacteria was isolated from Baima snow mountain of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province, south-west China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain YIM B04101T was closely related to the type strain of Dyadobacter koreensis DSM 19938T (97.81%) and Dyadobacter frigoris AR-3-8T (97.95%). The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c), C18:1ω9c and C16:0. The DNA G + C content was 43.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain YIM B04101T belonged to a cluster comprising species of the genus Dyadobacter. However, it differed from its closest relative, Dyadobacter koreensis KCTC 12537T and Dyadobacter frigoris AR-3-8T, in many physiological properties. Based on these phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain YIM B04101T is considered to be a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter, for which the name Dyadobacter diqingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B04101T (= CGMCC 1.19249T = CCTCC AB 2021270).

Caldalkalibacillus salinus sp. nov., isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang, northwest China.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain YIM B00319T, was isolated from a sediment sample obtained from Wuzunbulake salt Lake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences along with the whole genome showed that strain YIM B00319T belongs to the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to Bacillus horti K13T and Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus JCM 10596T, with sequence similarities of 95.7% and 94.6%, respectively. The genome of strain YIM B00319T was 3.77 Mbp with a DNA G + C content of 43%. Strain YIM B00319T grew at 15-45 ℃, pH 7.0-9.5 and with 3-11% (w/v) NaCl. The major respiratory quinone of strain YIM B00319T was MK-7, and the major fatty acids (> 10%) were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c). The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic, and phylogenetic information, strain YIM B00319T represents a novel species of the genus Caldalkalibacillus, for which the name Caldalkalibacillus salinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B00319T (= CGMCC 1.18750T = NBRC 115338T).

Exploration of Diverse Secondary Metabolites From Streptomyces sp. YINM00001, Using Genome Mining and One Strain Many Compounds Approach.

A talented endophytic bacteria strain YINM00001, which showed strong antimicrobial activity and multiple antibiotic resistances, was isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb Peperomia dindygulensis Miq. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain was closely related to Streptomyces anulatus NRRL B-2000T (99.93%). The complete genome of strain YINM00001 was sequenced. The RAxML phylogenomic tree also revealed that strain YINM00001 was steadily clustered on a branch with strain Streptomyces anulatus NRRL B-2000T under the 100 bootstrap values. The complete genome of strain YINM00001 consists of an 8,372,992 bp linear chromosome (71.72 mol% GC content) and a 317,781 bp circular plasmid (69.14 mol% GC content). Genome mining and OSMAC approach were carried out to investigate the biosynthetic potential of producing secondary metabolites. Fifty-two putative biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites were found, including the putative cycloheximide, dinactin, warkmycin, and anthracimycin biosynthetic gene clusters which consist with the strong antifungal and antibacterial activities exhibited by strain YINM00001. Two new compounds, peperodione (1) and peperophthalene (2), and 17 known compounds were isolated from different fermentation broth. Large amounts and high diversity of antimicrobial and/or anticancer compounds cycloheximide, dinactin, anthracimycin, and their analogs had been found as predicted before, which highlights strain YINM00001 as an ideal candidate for further biosynthetic studies and production improvement of these valuable compounds. Meanwhile, several gene clusters that were highly conserved in several sequenced actinomycetes but significantly different from known gene clusters might be silent under proceeding fermentation conditions. Further studies, such as heterologous expression and genetic modification, are needed to explore more novel compounds from this talented endophytic Streptomyces strain.

Vallicoccus soli gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from soil, and description of Vallicoccaceae fam. nov., Motilibacterales ord. nov.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, cocci-shaped actinobacterium, designated YIM 75000T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a dry-hot river valley in Yunnan Province, P.R. China. Growth was observed at 10-45 °C (optimal 37 °C), 0-8% (w/v) NaCl (optimal at 0-3% NaCl) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal at pH 7.3). The peptidoglycan contained LL-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, glutamic acid as well as alanine and its type was A3γ with an LL-Dpm-Gly interpeptide bridge. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were C16:0, Summed In Feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c) and C17:1 ω8c. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The major whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, arabinose and mannose. The DNA G+C content was 77.0 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain YIM 75000T with other species were less than 94%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome data, revealed that strain YIM 75000T together with the genus Motilibacter formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the phylum Actinobacteria, separating them from members of all orders. Strain YIM 75000T showed 73.4-73.7% average nucleotide identity and 19.5-19.7% digital DNA-DNA hybridization identity with the closely related genus Motilibacter. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, it is proposed that the new isolate represents the nomenclature type of the novel species Vallicoccus soli gen. nov., sp. nov. (YIM 75000T = DSM 45377T = KCTC 49228T = CGMCC 1.13844T) which is the nomenclature type of the novel genus Vallicoccus gen. nov. within Vallicoccaceae fam. nov and Motilibacterales ord. nov in the phylum Actinobacteria. The family Vallicoccaceae fam. nov. and the order Motilibacterales (contains Vallicoccaceae fam. nov. and Motilibacteraceae Lee 2013) ord. nov. are formally proposed.

Bailinhaonella thermotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the order Streptosporangiales.

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinobacterium, designated YIM 75507T, that was isolated from a soil sample collected from a dry-hot valley, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolate formed branched hyphae and no fragmentation was found. Clustered spore chains were borne from aerial mycelium. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, alanine and meso-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell sugars were galactose, mannose, glucosamine, glucose and ribose. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-10(H6). The polar phospholipids contained phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipid. Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and 10-methyl-C17 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 75507T formed a stable and distinct lineage clustered with the genus Sinosporangium in the family Streptosporangiaceae. The draft genome sequence of strain YIM 75507T exhibited low average nucleotide identity to the closest related strain, Sinosporangium album CPCC 201354T (83.97 %), well below the 95-96 % species circumscription threshold. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 73.8 mol%. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain YIM 75507T is assigned to a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Bailinhaonella thermotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Bailinhaonella thermotolerans is YIM 75507T (=KCTC 49229T=CGMCC 4.7547T).

A new cyclohexenone from the tin mine tailings-derived fungus Aspergillus flavus YIM DT 10012.

A new cyclohexenone, named phomaligol D (1), together with two known compounds, kojic acid (2) and phomaligol A (3) were isolated from the tin mine tailings-derived fungus Aspergillus flavus YIM DT 10012. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data.

Phytoactinopolyspora halophila sp. nov., a halophilic actinomycete isolated from a saline soil.

A novel halophilic actinobacterial strain, designated YIM 96934T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the edge of a saline lake in Xinjiang, north-west China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were aerobic and Gram-stain-positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM 96934T was related most closely to type strains of the genus Phytoactinopolyspora, and shared highest sequence similarity with Phytoactinopolyspora endophytica EGI 60009T (94.7 %), Phytoactinopolyspora alkaliphila EGI 80629T (94.5 %) and Phytoactinopolyspora halotolerans YIM 96448T (94.1 %). Optimum growth of the strain was observed at 28-37 °C (range 15-45 °C), pH 7.0-8.0 (6.0-9.0) and 5-8 % (w/v) NaCl (2-24 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4). The whole-cell sugars were glucose, galactose, mannose and rhamnose. The diagnostic diamino acid was ll-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipid profile was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoglycolipids, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides and an unidentified polar lipid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B). The DNA G+C content was 66.6 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, a novel species, Phytoactinopolyspora halophila sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM 96934T (=KCTC 39926T=CCTCC AB 2017057T).

A novel phenylspirodrimane dimer from cultures of the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum.

Stachartone A (1), a novel phenylspirodrimane dimer, was isolated from cultures of the tin mine tailings-associated fungus Stachybotrys chartarum. Its structure was elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. At the same time, compound (1) was tested for its cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines.

Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae.

A Gram-positive, non-motile, asporogenous and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 98012T, was isolated from a salt lake in China. Strain YIM 98012T was found to be catalase and oxidase positive. Optimal growth of strain YIM 98012T was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and it was found to grow in the presence of 5-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10% NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel strain is affiliated with the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes and that it shares high (94.7%) sequence similarity with Alteribacillus persepolensis DSM 21632T and does not show sequence similarities of more than 94.0% to known members of other related genera. The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 41.0 mol% and the dominated respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain YIM 98012T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, while the polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. Based on physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 98012T is concluded to be the type strain of the type species of a novel genus in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Aidingibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 98012T (= KCTC 33868T = DSM 104332T).

Phytoactinopolyspora halotolerans sp. nov., a halotolerant actinobacterium isolated from a saline soil in Xinjiang, northwest of China.

A novel aerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile halotolerant actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 96448T, was isolated from a saline soil sample collected from the south bank of Aiding Lake in Xinjiang Province, northwest China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 96448T is closely related to Phytoactinopolyspora endophytica EGI 60009T (98.0%) and Phytoactinopolyspora alkaliphila EGI 80629T (97.0%). Optimum growth of the strain was observed at 28-37 °C, pH 7-9 and in the presence of 5-8% NaCl (w/v). The respiratory quinone of strain YIM 96448T was determined to be MK-9(H4). The major fatty acids (>10%) were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0 and summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I and/or anteiso-C17:1B). The polar lipid profile was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, three unidentified phosphoglycolipids and four unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 68.7 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain YIM 96448T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Phytoactinopolyspora, for which the name Phytoactinopolyspora halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 96448T (=CCTCC AB 2017055T = KCTC 39924T).

A new phenylspirodrimane dimer from the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum.

A new phenylspirodrimane dimer, named stachartarin A (1), was isolated from cultures of the tin mine tailings-associated fungus Stachybotrys chartarum. Its structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. At the same time, the compound was tested for its cytotoxicity against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480 cells.

Olivibacter flavus sp. nov., a novel endophytic bacterium isolated from the root of Camellia sinensis.

A novel Gram-negative rod, endophytic bacterium, designated strain TMCC 8258T, was isolated from the root of Camellia sinensis collected from Puer, south-west China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belongs to the family Sphingobacteriaceae and a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree suggested that strain TMCC 8258T formed a cluster with the type strain of Olivibacter ginsengisoli (showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.8%). Chemotaxonomic data [major fatty acid iso-C15:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), iso-C17:0 3-OH and major respiratory quinone MK-7] confirmed the affiliation of strain TMCC 8258T to the genus Olivibacter. The G + C content was 39.1 mol %. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, together with the physiological, morphological and biochemical tests, suggested that strain TMCC 8258T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Olivibacter, for which the name Olivibacter flavus is proposed. The type strain is TMCC 8258T (=CGMCC 1.16141 = KCTC 42683).

Two new diketopiperazines from the tin mine tailings-derived fungus Schizophyllum commune YIM DT 10058.

Two new diketopiperazines, named diphenylalazine C (1) and epicoccin U (2), together with six known compounds (3-8) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fermentation broth of the tin mine tailings-derived fungus Schizophyllum commune YIM DT 10058. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with related known compounds. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited weak antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.

Three new drimane sesquiterpenoids from cultures of the fungus Penicillium sp.

Three new drimane sesquiterpenoids, 12-hydroxyalbrassitriol (1), drim-8(12)-en-6ß,7α, 9α,11-tetraol (2), and drim-68(12)-dien-9α,11-diol (3), along with one known analog albrassitriol (4), were isolated from cultures of the tin mine tailings-associated fungus Penicillium sp. The new structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. All compounds were tested for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines.